Download the law of tge jungle in sumatra

By the beginning of the 1990s, with 6.4 million migrants moved from Indonesia's very populated “inner islands” of Java, Madura, and Bali to the archipelago's less populated “outer islands” of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Irian Jaya, transmigration has become the largest agricultural colonization program ever undertaken by a state. Indonesian transmigration was born in 1905 when the Dutch colonial government decided to move 155 families from Kedu in Central Java to a new settlement called Bagelen in the vicinity of Gedong Tataan in Lampung, South Sumatra. In short, this article focuses on the deep misunderstanding of peasant behavior by agronomists and the “economic thought” of cash-cropping smallholders. Considered a failure, Batumarta was not unfamiliar with the extremely stringent regulations applied to Nucleus Estate and Smallholder (NES) projects. Again, paying no attention to the experts' recommendations, the colonists overtapped their plantations for the purpose of immediate harvest. Then as soon as the rubber trees began producing they completely abandoned food crops. To begin with, these migrants disregarded or misused recommended component technology. Although planned by renowned experts, the proposed cropping systems did not win the settlers' approval.

Thanks to the financial support of the World Bank and technical assistance from numerous national and international organizations, Batumarta was conceived from the outset as a pilot project, a model for future transmigrations. Batumarta in South Sumatra is not a typical transmigration center.

Download the law of tge jungle in sumatra